Nông nghiệp & Quản lý chất lượng
Agriculture & Quality Management
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1. Tiếng Anh trong ngữ cảnh | English in Context
Những cụm từ nên học cùng nhau
1. English in Context
The sentences used in the video, presented in the same order.
| # | Mẫu câu / Sentence pattern |
|---|---|
| 1 | Many small farms find that high certification costs are out of reach unless they pool their resources. |
| 2 | It is important to streamline processes so that administrative tasks do not become duplicative and wasteful. |
| 3 | Without further ado, let's look at how groups can manage their quality systems more efficiently. |
| 4 | A smallholder producer often joins a cooperative to gain better access to international markets. |
| 5 | The mass balance system ensures that the volume of certified products sold does not exceed the amount actually produced. |
| 6 | Effective traceback procedures allow the group to identify exactly which farm a specific product came from. |
| 7 | An unannounced audit provides a high level of assurance that food safety standards are being met. |
| 8 | Consistent surveillance helps management maintain compliance with GLOBALG.A.P. requirements. |
| 9 | The group must take immediate action whenever non-compliance is identified during an inspection. |
| 10 | The group must implement a shared Quality Management System to monitor all its members. |
| 11 | A quality manager has the authority to suspend a producer who fails to meet the required safety standards. |
| 12 | While a correction might solve an immediate issue, a root cause analysis is needed to create effective corrective action. |
| 13 | To keep the system organised, all obsolete documents must be withdrawn promptly. |
| 14 | The group established a system whereby all inspection reports are reviewed by an internal auditor to ensure accuracy. |
| 15 | Certification records are kept for a minimum of two years to provide a clear audit trail. |
| # | English in Context |
|---|---|
| 1 | Many small farms find that high certification costs are out of reach unless they pool their resources. |
| 2 | It is important to streamline processes so that administrative tasks do not become duplicative and wasteful. |
| 3 | Without further ado, let's look at how groups can manage their quality systems more efficiently. |
| 4 | A smallholder producer often joins a cooperative to gain better access to international markets. |
| 5 | The mass balance system ensures that the volume of certified products sold does not exceed the amount actually produced. |
| 6 | Effective traceback procedures allow the group to identify exactly which farm a specific product came from. |
| 7 | An unannounced audit provides a high level of assurance that food safety standards are being met. |
| 8 | Consistent surveillance helps management maintain compliance with GLOBALG.A.P. requirements. |
| 9 | The group must take immediate action whenever non-compliance is identified during an inspection. |
| 10 | The group must implement a shared Quality Management System to monitor all its members. |
| 11 | A quality manager has the authority to suspend a producer who fails to meet the required safety standards. |
| 12 | While a correction might solve an immediate issue, a root cause analysis is needed to create effective corrective action. |
| 13 | To keep the system organised, all obsolete documents must be withdrawn promptly. |
| 14 | The group established a system whereby all inspection reports are reviewed by an internal auditor to ensure accuracy. |
| 15 | Certification records are kept for a minimum of two years to provide a clear audit trail. |
2. Trình bày từng câu | Sentence by Sentence
Mỗi câu được trình bày cùng với phiên âm và nghĩa tiếng Việt.
2. Sentence by Sentence
Each sentence is presented with pronunciation and a simple English explanation.
| English Sentence | Pronunciation | Meaning / Simple English Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| Many small farms find that high certification costs are out of reach unless they pool their resources. | /ˈmeni smɔːl fɑːmz faɪnd ðæt haɪ ˌsɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən kɒsts ɑːr aʊt əv riːtʃ ənˈles ðeɪ puːl ðeə rɪˈzɔːsɪz/ | Nhiều nông hộ quy mô nhỏ nhận thấy rằng chi phí chứng nhận cao vượt quá khả năng chi trả nếu không huy động được nguồn lực chung. Many small farms cannot easily afford expensive certification unless they combine their resources. |
| It is important to streamline processes so that administrative tasks do not become duplicative and wasteful. | /ɪt ɪz ɪmˈpɔːtənt tə ˈstriːmlaɪn ˈprəʊsesɪz səʊ ðæt ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv tɑːsks duː nɒt bɪˈkʌm ˈdjuːplɪkətɪv ænd ˈweɪstfəl/ | Việc tinh gọn các quy trình là cần thiết để các công việc hành chính không bị trùng lặp và gây lãng phí. It is important to make processes simpler and more efficient so that administrative work is not repeated unnecessarily or wasted. |
| Without further ado, let's look at how groups can manage their quality systems more efficiently. | /wɪˈðaʊt ˌfɜːðər əˈduː, lets lʊk æt haʊ ɡruːps kən ˈmænɪdʒ ðeə ˈkwɒləti ˈsɪstəmz mɔːr ɪˈfɪʃəntli/ | Không dài dòng thêm nữa, hãy cùng xem các nhóm có thể quản lý hệ thống chất lượng hiệu quả hơn như thế nào. Let's now look at how groups can manage their quality systems in a more efficient way. |
| A smallholder producer often joins a cooperative to gain better access to international markets. | /ə ˈsmɔːlˌhəʊldə prəˈdjuːsər ˈɒfən dʒɔɪnz ə kəʊˈɒpərətɪv tə ɡeɪn ˈbetər ˈækses tə ˌɪntəˈnæʃənəl ˈmɑːkɪts/ | Một nhà sản xuất quy mô nhỏ thường tham gia hợp tác xã để có cơ hội tiếp cận tốt hơn với thị trường quốc tế. A small producer often joins a cooperative to have better opportunities to sell products in international markets. |
| The mass balance system ensures that the volume of certified products sold does not exceed the amount actually produced. | /ðə mæs ˈbæləns ˈsɪstəm ɪnˈʃʊəz ðæt ðə ˈvɒljuːm əv ˈsɜːtɪfaɪd ˈprɒdʌkts səʊld dʌz nɒt ɪkˈsiːd ði əˈmaʊnt ˈæktʃuəli prəˈdjuːst/ | Hệ thống cân bằng khối lượng đảm bảo rằng khối lượng sản phẩm được chứng nhận đã bán ra không vượt quá sản lượng thực tế được sản xuất. The system makes sure that the amount of certified products sold is not greater than the amount actually produced. |
| Effective traceback procedures allow the group to identify exactly which farm a specific product came from. | /ɪˈfektɪv ˈtreɪsbæk prəˈsiːdʒəz əˈlaʊ ðə ɡruːp tə aɪˈdentɪfaɪ ɪɡˈzæktli wɪtʃ fɑːm ə spəˈsɪfɪk ˈprɒdʌkt keɪm frɒm/ | Các quy trình truy xuất nguồn gốc hiệu quả cho phép nhóm xác định chính xác sản phẩm cụ thể đó đến từ nông trại nào. Good traceback procedures make it possible to identify the exact farm where a product originated. |
| An unannounced audit provides a high level of assurance that food safety standards are being met. | /ən ˌʌnəˈnaʊnst ˈɔːdɪt prəˈvaɪdz ə haɪ ˈlevəl əv əˈʃʊərəns ðæt fuːd ˈseɪfti ˈstændədz ɑː ˈbiːɪŋ met/ | Một cuộc đánh giá không báo trước mang lại mức độ đảm bảo cao rằng các tiêu chuẩn an toàn thực phẩm đang được đáp ứng. An audit without prior notice gives strong confidence that food safety standards are being met. |
| Consistent surveillance helps management maintain compliance with GLOBALG.A.P. requirements. | /kənˈsɪstənt səˈveɪləns helps ˈmænɪdʒmənt meɪnˈteɪn kəmˈplaɪəns wɪð ˈɡləʊbəl ɡæp rɪˈkwaɪəmənts/ | Công tác giám sát nhất quán giúp ban quản lý duy trì việc đáp ứng các yêu cầu của GLOBALG.A.P. Regular monitoring helps management continue to meet GLOBALG.A.P. requirements. |
| The group must take immediate action whenever non-compliance is identified during an inspection. | /ðə ɡruːp mʌst teɪk ɪˈmiːdiət ˈækʃən wenˈevə nɒn-kəmˈplaɪəns ɪz aɪˈdentɪfaɪd ˈdjʊərɪŋ ən ɪnˈspekʃən/ | Nhóm phải lập tức có biện pháp xử lý bất cứ khi nào phát hiện sự không tuân thủ trong quá trình kiểm tra. The group must act immediately whenever an inspection identifies a failure to meet the requirements. |
| The group must implement a shared Quality Management System to monitor all its members. | /ðə ɡruːp mʌst ˈɪmplɪment ə ʃeəd ˈkwɒləti ˈmænɪdʒmənt ˈsɪstəm tə ˈmɒnɪtə ɔːl ɪts ˈmembəz/ | Nhóm phải triển khai một Hệ thống Quản lý Chất lượng chung để giám sát tất cả các thành viên. The group must use one shared quality management system to monitor all its members. |
| A quality manager has the authority to suspend a producer who fails to meet the required safety standards. | /ə ˈkwɒləti ˈmænɪdʒə hæz ði ɔːˈθɒrəti tə səˈspend ə prəˈdjuːsə huː feɪlz tə miːt ðə rɪˈkwaɪəd ˈseɪfti ˈstændədz/ | Nhà quản lý chất lượng có thẩm quyền đình chỉ một nhà sản xuất không đáp ứng các tiêu chuẩn an toàn theo yêu cầu. A quality manager can suspend a producer who does not meet the required safety standards. |
| While a correction might solve an immediate issue, a root cause analysis is needed to create effective corrective action. | /waɪl ə kəˈrekʃən maɪt sɒlv ən ɪˈmiːdiət ˈɪʃuː, ə ruːt kɔːz əˈnæləsɪs ɪz ˈniːdɪd tə kriˈeɪt ɪˈfektɪv kəˈrektɪv ˈækʃən/ | Mặc dù việc khắc phục có thể giải quyết một vấn đề trước mắt, cần phân tích nguyên nhân gốc rễ để đưa ra biện pháp khắc phục chuẩn xác. A quick correction may solve an immediate problem, but finding the root cause is necessary to develop an effective corrective action. |
| To keep the system organised, all obsolete documents must be withdrawn promptly. | /tə kiːp ðə ˈsɪstəm ˈɔːɡənaɪzd, ɔːl ˈɒbsəliːt ˈdɒkjʊmənts mʌst bi wɪðˈdrɔːn ˈprɒmptli/ | Để duy trì hệ thống được tổ chức chặt chẽ, tất cả tài liệu lỗi thời phải được thu hồi kịp thời. To keep the system organised, outdated documents must be removed quickly. |
| The group established a system whereby all inspection reports are reviewed by an internal auditor to ensure accuracy. | /ðə ɡruːp ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə ˈsɪstəm weəˈbaɪ ɔːl ɪnˈspekʃən rɪˈpɔːts ɑː rɪˈvjuːd baɪ ən ɪnˈtɜːnəl ˈɔːdɪtə tə ɪnˈʃʊə ˈækjərəsi/ | Nhóm đã thiết lập một hệ thống, theo đó tất cả báo cáo kiểm tra được một đánh giá viên nội bộ xem xét để đảm bảo tính chính xác. The group set up a system in the past, and under this system, inspection reports are currently reviewed by an internal auditor. |
| Certification records are kept for a minimum of two years to provide a clear audit trail. | /ˌsɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən ˈrekɔːdz ɑː kept fər ə ˈmɪnɪməm əv tuː jɪəz tə prəˈvaɪd ə klɪər ˈɔːdɪt treɪl/ | Hồ sơ chứng nhận được lưu giữ trong tối thiểu hai năm để cung cấp căn cứ rõ ràng phục vụ quá trình đánh giá. Certification records are stored for at least two years so that there is clear evidence for an audit. |
3. Từ vựng chính | Key Vocabulary
3. Key Vocabulary
| Word / Phrase | Pronunciation | Part of Speech | Nghĩa tiếng Việt Simple English Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| smallholder | /ˈsmɔːlˌhəʊldə/ | noun | nông hộ quy mô nhỏ a farmer who operates a small farm | A smallholder often joins a cooperative. |
| producer | /prəˈdjuːsə/ | noun | nhà sản xuất, cơ sở sản xuất a person or organisation that produces goods | The producer meets the safety standards. |
| cooperative | /kəʊˈɒpərətɪv/ | noun | hợp tác xã an organisation owned or operated by a group of people | The producer joins a cooperative. |
| resource | /rɪˈzɔːs/ | noun | nguồn lực something available to help achieve a goal | Farmers can pool their resources. |
| certification | /ˌsɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ | noun | chứng nhận an official process of confirming that something meets certain standards | Certification can help producers access new markets. |
| quality | /ˈkwɒləti/ | noun | chất lượng the standard of something | The group manages product quality. |
| food safety | /ˈfuːd ˌseɪfti/ | noun phrase | an toàn thực phẩm practices that help ensure food is safe to eat | Food safety is important. |
| standard | /ˈstændəd/ | noun | tiêu chuẩn a level or requirement that something must meet | The farm meets safety standards. |
| inspection | /ɪnˈspekʃən/ | noun | kiểm tra an official examination or check | The inspection is conducted regularly. |
| audit | /ˈɔːdɪt/ | noun / verb | cuộc đánh giá; đánh giá an official examination of records, systems, or processes | The farm undergoes an annual audit. |
| auditor | /ˈɔːdɪtə/ | noun | đánh giá viên a person who conducts an audit | An internal auditor reviews the reports. |
| monitor | /ˈmɒnɪtə/ | verb | giám sát to watch or check something regularly | The group monitors its members. |
| surveillance | /səˈveɪləns/ | noun | hoạt động giám sát regular observation or monitoring | Consistent surveillance is important. |
| requirement | /rɪˈkwaɪəmənt/ | noun | yêu cầu something that is necessary or expected | The farm meets the requirements. |
| compliance | /kəmˈplaɪəns/ | noun | sự tuân thủ; việc đáp ứng yêu cầu the act of meeting rules or requirements | The group maintains compliance. |
| traceback | /ˈtreɪsbæk/ | noun | truy xuất nguồn gốc the process of finding where a product came from | Effective traceback is essential for food safety. |
| corrective action | /kəˈrektɪv ˌækʃən/ | noun phrase | biện pháp khắc phục action taken to correct a problem and prevent it from continuing | The group takes corrective action. |
| root cause | /ˌruːt ˈkɔːz/ | noun phrase | nguyên nhân gốc rễ the basic or underlying reason for a problem | The team identifies the root cause. |
| quality management system | /ˈkwɒləti ˈmænɪdʒmənt ˈsɪstəm/ | noun phrase | Hệ thống Quản lý Chất lượng a system used to manage and control quality | The group implements a Quality Management System. |
| record | /ˈrekɔːd/ | noun | hồ sơ, bản ghi information kept as evidence of an activity or event | The farm keeps accurate records. |
| audit trail | /ˈɔːdɪt treɪl/ | noun phrase | căn cứ/hồ sơ phục vụ quá trình đánh giá a clear record of information that allows something to be checked or verified | The records provide a clear audit trail. |
Những cụm từ nên học cùng nhau Useful Collocations
| Cụm từ Collocation | Nghĩa Simple English Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
| pool resources | huy động/gộp nguồn lực chung combine resources | Farmers pool their resources. |
| streamline processes | tinh gọn quy trình make processes simpler and more efficient | The group streamlines its processes. |
| access international markets | tiếp cận thị trường quốc tế reach or enter international markets | Producers want to access international markets. |
| meet safety standards | đáp ứng các tiêu chuẩn an toàn achieve the required level of safety | The farm meets safety standards. |
| maintain compliance | duy trì việc đáp ứng/tuân thủ các yêu cầu continue to meet requirements | The group maintains compliance. |
| take immediate action | lập tức có biện pháp xử lý act without delay | The group takes immediate action. |
| implement a system | triển khai một hệ thống put a system into operation | The group implements a shared system. |
| monitor members | giám sát các thành viên regularly check members | The group monitors its members. |
| identify the root cause | xác định nguyên nhân gốc rễ find the underlying reason for a problem | The team identifies the root cause. |
| take corrective action | thực hiện biện pháp khắc phục take action to correct a problem | The group takes corrective action. |
| keep accurate records | lưu giữ hồ sơ chính xác maintain correct and complete records | Farmers keep accurate records. |
| provide an audit trail | cung cấp căn cứ phục vụ quá trình đánh giá provide evidence that can be checked during an audit | The records provide an audit trail. |
4. Học tiếng Anh qua mẫu câu | English Through Patterns
4. English Through Patterns | Useful Patterns & Examples
| Pattern | Example | Nghĩa Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| S + find(s) that + clause | Many small farms find that certification is expensive. | Nhiều nông hộ nhỏ nhận thấy rằng việc chứng nhận tốn kém. Many small farms realise that certification is expensive. |
| S + find(s) that + clause | Many producers find that quality management is important. | Nhiều nhà sản xuất nhận thấy rằng quản lý chất lượng rất quan trọng. Many producers realise that quality management is important. |
Lưu ý: find that... = nhận thấy rằng... Note: find that... = realise that...
| Pattern | Example | Nghĩa Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| It is important to + V | It is important to streamline processes. | Việc tinh gọn các quy trình là quan trọng. Doing this is important. |
| It is necessary to + V | It is necessary to keep accurate records. | Việc lưu giữ hồ sơ chính xác là cần thiết. Doing this is necessary. |
| It is essential to + V | It is essential to maintain food safety. | Việc duy trì an toàn thực phẩm là thiết yếu. Doing this is essential. |
Mẫu câu này thường được dùng trong tiếng Anh trang trọng, học thuật, khoa học và chuyên nghiệp. This pattern is common in formal, academic, scientific, and professional English.
| Pattern | Example | Nghĩa Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| S + V + O | The auditor checks the records. | Đánh giá viên kiểm tra hồ sơ. The auditor checks something. |
| S + V + O | The group manages the quality system. | Nhóm quản lý hệ thống chất lượng. The group manages something. |
| S + V + O | The farm follows the standards. | Nông trại đáp ứng các tiêu chuẩn. The farm follows something. |
Negative
The auditor does not check the records.
Question
Does the auditor check the records?
Yes, the auditor does.
No, the auditor doesn't.
| Pattern | Example | Nghĩa Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| S + be + C | Food safety is important. | An toàn thực phẩm rất quan trọng. “Important” describes food safety. |
| S + be + C | Certification is necessary. | Chứng nhận là cần thiết. “Necessary” describes certification. |
| S + be + C | Quality is essential. | Chất lượng là yếu tố thiết yếu. “Essential” describes quality. |
Negative
Food safety is not optional.
Question
Is food safety important?
Yes, it is.
No, it isn't.
| Pattern | Example | Nghĩa Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| S + V + O + A | The group monitors its members regularly. | Nhóm thường xuyên giám sát các thành viên. “Regularly” tells us how often the action happens. |
| S + V + O + A | The auditor checks the records carefully. | Đánh giá viên kiểm tra hồ sơ cẩn thận. “Carefully” tells us how the action is performed. |
| S + V + O + A | Farmers keep their records accurately. | Nông dân lưu giữ hồ sơ chính xác. “Accurately” tells us how the records are kept. |
| Pattern | Example | Nghĩa Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| S + help(s) + O + V | Monitoring helps farmers maintain quality. | Công tác giám sát giúp nông dân duy trì chất lượng. Monitoring makes it easier for farmers to maintain quality. |
| S + help(s) + O + V | Good records help producers demonstrate compliance. | Hồ sơ đầy đủ giúp nhà sản xuất chứng minh việc đáp ứng các yêu cầu. Good records make it easier for producers to demonstrate compliance. |
| S + help(s) + O + V | Training helps farmers improve quality. | Đào tạo giúp nông dân cải thiện chất lượng. Training makes it easier for farmers to improve quality. |
Lưu ý: Sau help + O, động từ tiếp theo có thể được dùng theo hai cách. A useful variation: After help + O, we can use either form.
| Cấu trúc | Ví dụ | Nghĩa |
|---|---|---|
| help + O + V | Monitoring helps farmers maintain quality. | Công tác giám sát giúp nông dân duy trì chất lượng. |
| help + O + to + V | Monitoring helps farmers to maintain quality. | Công tác giám sát giúp nông dân duy trì chất lượng. |
Hai cấu trúc trên đều đúng và có cùng ý nghĩa cơ bản. Both are correct and have essentially the same meaning.
Điểm cần nhớ / Key point
help + O + V
help + O + to + V
Ví dụ / Example:
Good records help producers demonstrate compliance.
Good records help producers to demonstrate compliance.
| Pattern | Example | Nghĩa Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| S + must + V | The group must take immediate action. | Nhóm phải lập tức có biện pháp xử lý. The group is required to act immediately. |
| S + must + V | The group must implement a shared system. | Nhóm phải triển khai một hệ thống chung. The group is required to implement a shared system. |
| S + must + V | Farmers must keep accurate records. | Nông dân phải lưu giữ hồ sơ chính xác. Farmers are required to keep accurate records. |
Negative
The group must not ignore non-compliance.
Question
Must the group take immediate action?
Yes, it must.
Remember:
After must, use the base form of the verb.
must take ✓
must implement ✓
must maintain ✓
Not:
must takes ✗
must to take ✗
| Pattern | Example | Nghĩa Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| S + need(s) to + V | Farmers need to keep accurate records. | Nông dân cần lưu giữ hồ sơ chính xác. It is necessary for farmers to keep accurate records. |
| S + need(s) to + V | Producers need to meet safety standards. | Nhà sản xuất cần đáp ứng các tiêu chuẩn an toàn. Producers are required to meet safety standards. |
| S + need(s) to + V | The group needs to improve its system. | Nhóm cần cải thiện hệ thống của mình. It is necessary for the group to improve its system. |
Negative
Farmers do not need to work alone.
Question
Do farmers need to keep accurate records?
Yes, they do.
No, they don't.
Đây là pattern nâng cao hơn nhưng rất có giá trị trong văn bản chuyên ngành. This is a more advanced pattern, but it is very useful in professional and specialised writing.
The group established a system whereby all inspection reports are reviewed by an internal auditor.
Cấu trúc / Structure
S + established + a system whereby + clause
| Verb Tense | Meaning |
|---|---|
| established — Past Simple | The system was created in the past. |
| are reviewed — Present Simple Passive | The review process currently operates under that system. |
Example
The cooperative established a system whereby all members are monitored regularly.
Hợp tác xã đã thiết lập một hệ thống, theo đó tất cả thành viên được giám sát thường xuyên. The cooperative created the system in the past, and the monitoring process operates under that system.
5. Phân tích câu theo cấu trúc S + V + O + C + A | Sentence Analysis by S + V + O + C + A Structure
Phân tích câu theo cấu trúc S + V + O + C + A
5. Sentence Analysis by S + V + O + C + A Structure
The basic sentence elements
| Symbol | Tên đầy đủ Full Term | Chức năng Function |
|---|---|---|
| S | Subject | Chủ ngữ – người hoặc vật mà câu nói đến Who or what the sentence is about |
| V | Verb | Động từ – hành động hoặc trạng thái The action or state |
| O | Object | Tân ngữ – người hoặc vật chịu tác động của hành động The person or thing affected by the action |
| C | Complement | Bổ ngữ – thông tin bổ sung hoặc mô tả cho chủ ngữ / tân ngữ Information that completes or describes the subject/object |
| A | Adverbial | Trạng ngữ – thông tin về thời gian, nơi chốn, cách thức, tần suất, mục đích... Information about time, place, manner, frequency, purpose, etc. |
Câu 1 Example 1
The auditor checks the records regularly.
S V O A
The auditor checks the records regularly
→ S + V + O + A
Câu 2 Example 2
Food safety is important.
S V C
Food safety is important
→ S + V + C
Ở đây important là C, mà không phải O, vì “important” bổ sung thông tin cho chủ ngữ food safety. Here, important is a Complement, not an Object. It describes the subject food safety.
Câu 3 Example 3
Monitoring helps farmers maintain quality.
S V O V + O
Monitoring helps farmers maintain quality
Có thể mở rộng: The structure:
helps + farmers + maintain quality
= giúp + ai đó + làm gì = help someone do something
Câu 4 Example 4
The group must take immediate action.
S Modal Verb V O
The group must take immediate action
→ S + modal verb + V + O
must không phải động từ chính mang nội dung hành động; mà là động từ khuyết thiếu, bổ sung ý nghĩa “phải”. must is not the main verb carrying the action; it is a modal verb expressing necessity or obligation.
Câu 5 Example 5
The group established a system whereby all inspection reports are reviewed by an internal auditor.
Mệnh đề chính: Main clause:
S V O
The group established a system
Mệnh đề sau whereby: Clause after whereby:
S V Agent
all inspection reports are reviewed by an internal auditor
→ Câu này cho người học thấy rằng một câu có thể chứa nhiều mệnh đề, và mỗi mệnh đề có cấu trúc riêng. This shows that a longer sentence can contain more than one clause, and each clause can have its own structure.
Xây dựng câu từng bước | Pattern Building Pattern Building | Building a Sentence Step by Step
Farmers work.
S + V
Farmers follow standards.
S + V + O
Farmers follow safety standards.
Thêm từ vựng chuyên ngành. The vocabulary becomes more specific.
Farmers follow safety standards carefully.
S + V + O + A
Smallholder farmers follow food safety standards carefully.
Thêm thông tin vào chủ ngữ và tân ngữ. The subject and object become more specific.
Smallholder farmers follow food safety standards carefully to maintain product quality.
Thêm mục đích: The purpose is added:
to maintain product quality
để duy trì chất lượng sản phẩm. to maintain product quality.
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